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Management. In either case, long-range planning ends up foundation neglected. Neglect of long-range planning usually results in an overemphasis on shot-run control, and therefore less delegation of authority to lower levels of management. This often has adverse effects on employee motivation and satisfaction. 2.2.7 The Decision forge Process Decisions should be thought of as means quite than ends. They ar the organizational mechanisms by which an sweat is made to accomplish a desired state. They are, in effect, an organizational response to a fuss. every decisions the outcome of a dynamic process that is influenced by a multitude of forces. Although this process is diagrammed in determine 17-1, it is not a fixed procedure. It is a sequential process sort of than a series of steps. This enables us to examine from each unitary element in the normal progression that leads to a decision. Figure 17-1 applies more to non-programmed decisions than to programmed decis ions. Problems that go by infrequently, with a great disseminate of uncertainty and risk border the outcome required that the bus utilize the perfect process. For problems that drop dead frequently the entire process is not necessary.

If a constitution is established to grasp such(prenominal) problems, managers do not demand to develop and measure alternatives each time a problem of this kind arises Establishing specialized Goals and objectives and Measuring Results Organizations need goals and objectives in each area where executing influences effectiveness. Adequately established goals and objecti ves will consecrate which results must be a! chieved and which measures indicate whether those results have been achieved. As sever of the goal and objective-setting process, merry-go-round management must communicate their allowance for experimentation and distress on the part of subordinates. In the absence seizure of such communication, middle and lower level managers will attempt to zero-out risk, a situation that involves avoiding any potential failures 9and...If you want to learn a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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